Go 1.13 のエラー・ハンドリング

// Unwrap returns the result of calling the Unwrap method on err, if err's
// type contains an Unwrap method returning error.
// Otherwise, Unwrap returns nil.
func Unwrap(err error) error {
	u, ok := err.(interface {
		Unwrap() error
	})
	if !ok {
		return nil
	}
	return u.Unwrap()
}

// Is reports whether any error in err's chain matches target.
//
// The chain consists of err itself followed by the sequence of errors obtained by
// repeatedly calling Unwrap.
//
// An error is considered to match a target if it is equal to that target or if
// it implements a method Is(error) bool such that Is(target) returns true.
func Is(err, target error) bool {
	if target == nil {
		return err == target
	}

	isComparable := reflectlite.TypeOf(target).Comparable()
	for {
		if isComparable && err == target {
			return true
		}
		if x, ok := err.(interface{ Is(error) bool }); ok && x.Is(target) {
			return true
		}
		// TODO: consider supporing target.Is(err). This would allow
		// user-definable predicates, but also may allow for coping with sloppy
		// APIs, thereby making it easier to get away with them.
		if err = Unwrap(err); err == nil {
			return false
		}
	}
}

// As finds the first error in err's chain that matches target, and if so, sets
// target to that error value and returns true.
//
// The chain consists of err itself followed by the sequence of errors obtained by
// repeatedly calling Unwrap.
//
// An error matches target if the error's concrete value is assignable to the value
// pointed to by target, or if the error has a method As(interface{}) bool such that
// As(target) returns true. In the latter case, the As method is responsible for
// setting target.
//
// As will panic if target is not a non-nil pointer to either a type that implements
// error, or to any interface type. As returns false if err is nil.
func As(err error, target interface{}) bool {
	if target == nil {
		panic("errors: target cannot be nil")
	}
	val := reflectlite.ValueOf(target)
	typ := val.Type()
	if typ.Kind() != reflectlite.Ptr || val.IsNil() {
		panic("errors: target must be a non-nil pointer")
	}
	if e := typ.Elem(); e.Kind() != reflectlite.Interface && !e.Implements(errorType) {
		panic("errors: *target must be interface or implement error")
	}
	targetType := typ.Elem()
	for err != nil {
		if reflectlite.TypeOf(err).AssignableTo(targetType) {
			val.Elem().Set(reflectlite.ValueOf(err))
			return true
		}
		if x, ok := err.(interface{ As(interface{}) bool }); ok && x.As(target) {
			return true
		}
		err = Unwrap(err)
	}
	return false
}

var errorType = reflectlite.TypeOf((*error)(nil)).Elem()

// Errorf formats according to a format specifier and returns the string as a
// value that satisfies error.
//
// If the format specifier includes a %w verb with an error operand,
// the returned error will implement an Unwrap method returning the operand. It is
// invalid to include more than one %w verb or to supply it with an operand
// that does not implement the error interface. The %w verb is otherwise
// a synonym for %v.
func Errorf(format string, a ...interface{}) error {
	p := newPrinter()
	p.wrapErrs = true
	p.doPrintf(format, a)
	s := string(p.buf)
	var err error
	if p.wrappedErr == nil {
		err = errors.New(s)
	} else {
		err = &wrapError{s, p.wrappedErr}
	}
	p.free()
	return err
}

type wrapError struct {
	msg string
	err error
}

func (e *wrapError) Error() string {
	return e.msg
}

func (e *wrapError) Unwrap() error {
	return e.err
}

// PathError records an error and the operation and file path that caused it.
type PathError struct {
	Op   string
	Path string
	Err  error
}

func (e *PathError) Error() string { return e.Op + " " + e.Path + ": " + e.Err.Error() }

func (e *PathError) Unwrap() error { return e.Err }

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"os"
)

func checkFileOpen(path string) error {
	file, err := os.Open(path)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer file.Close()

	return nil
}

func main() {
	if err := checkFileOpen("not-exist.txt"); err != nil {
		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
		return
        //Outpout:
        //open not-exist.txt: no such file or directory
	}
}

package main

import (
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"syscall"
)

func checkFileOpen(path string) error {
	file, err := os.Open(path)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer file.Close()

	return nil
}

func main() {
	if err := checkFileOpen("not-exist.txt"); err != nil {
		var errno syscall.Errno
		if errors.As(err, &errno) {
			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, errno)
			return
		}
		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
		return
	}
}

$ go run sample2.go 
no such file or directory